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"'The internet is made of cats' is a half-jokingly made claim. Today, animals of all shapes and sizes inhabit our digital spaces, including companion animals, wildlife, feral animals and livestock. In this book, Deborah Lupton explores how digital technologies and datafication are changing our relationships with other animals. Playfully building on the concept of 'The Internet of Things', she discusses the complex feelings that have developed between people and animals through the use of digital devices, from social media to employing animal-like robots as companions and carers. The book brings together a range of perspectives, including those of sociology, cultural geography, environmental humanities, critical animal studies and internet studies, to consider how these new digital technologies are contributing to major changes in human-animal relationships at both the micropolitical and macropolitical levels. As Lupton shows, while digital devices and media have strengthened people's relationships to other creatures, these technologies can also objectify animals as things for human entertainment, therapy or economic exploitation. This original and engaging book will be of interest to scholars and students across the social sciences and humanities"--Back cover

This book provides reflection on the increasingly blurry boundaries that characterize the human-animal relationship. In the Anthropocene humans and animals have come closer together and this asks for rethinking old divisions. Firstly, new scientific insights and technological advances lead to a blurring of the boundaries between animals and humans. Secondly, our increasing influence on nature leads to a rethinking of the old distinction between individual animal ethics and collectivist environmental ethics. Thirdly, ongoing urbanization and destruction of animal habitats leads to a blurring between the categories of wild and domesticated animals. Finally, globalization and global climate change have led to the fragmentation of natural habitats, blurring the old distinction between in situ and ex situ conservation. In this book, researchers at the cutting edge of their fields systematically examine the broad field of human-animal relations, dealing with wild, liminal, and domestic animals, with conservation, and zoos, and with technologies such as biomimicry. This book is timely in that it explores the new directions in which our thinking about the human-animal relationship are developing. While the target audience primarily consists of animal studies scholars, coming from a wide range of disciplines including philosophy, sociology, psychology, ethology, literature, and film studies, many of the topics that are discussed have relevance beyond a purely theoretical one; as such the book also aims to inspire for example biologists, conservationists, and zoo keepers to reflect on their relationship with animals.

pt. 1. Introduction and methods -- Ethnozooarchaeology and the power of analogy / Umberto Albarella -- A dog is for hunting / Karen D. Lupo -- Past and present strategies for draught exploitation of cattle / Niels Johannsen -- Animal dung : rich ethnographic records, poor archaeozoological evidence / Marta Moreno-García and Carlos M. Pimenta -- Folk taxonomies and human-animal relations : the early Neolithic in the Polish lowlands / Arkadiusz Marciniak -- pt. 2. Fishing, hunting, and foraging -- The historical use of terrestrial vertebrates in the Selva region (Chiapas, México) / Eduardo Corona-M. and Patricia Enríquez Vázquez -- Pacific Ocean fishing traditions : subsistence, beliefs, ecology, and households / Jean L. Hudson -- The ethnography of fishing in Scotland and its contribution to icthyoarchaeological analysis in this region / Ruby N. Cerón-Carrasco -- Contemporary subsistence and foodways in the Lau Islands of Fiji : an ethnoarchaeological study of non-optimal foraging and irrational economics / Sharyn Jones -- Ethnozooarchaeology of the Mani (Orang Asli) of Trang Province, Southern Thailand : a preliminary result of faunal analysis at Sakai Cave / Hitomi Hongo and Prasit Auetrakulvit -- pt. 3. Food preparation and consumption -- An ethnoarchaeological study of marine coastal fish butchery in Pakistan / William R. Belcher -- Ethnozooarchaeology of butchering practices in the Mahas region, Sudan / Elizabeth R. Arnold and Diane Lyons -- pt. 4. Husbandry and herding -- Social principles of Andean camelid pastoralism and archaeological interpretations / Penelope Dransart -- Incidence and causes of calf mortality in Maasai herds : implications for zooarchaeological interpretation / Kathleen Ryan and Paul Nkuo Kunoni -- A week on the plateau : pig husbandry, mobility, and resource exploitation in central Sardinia / Umberto Albarella, Filippo Manconi, and Angela Trentacoste -- A pig fed by hand is worth two in the bush : ethnoarchaeology of pig husbandry in Greece and its archaeological implications / Paul Halstead and Valasia Isaakidou

▪ Abstract  Humans' relationships with animals, increasingly the subject of controversy, have long been of interest to those whose primary aim has been the better understanding of humans' relationships with other humans. Since this topic was last reviewed here, human-animal relationships have undergone considerable reexamination, reflecting key trends in the history of social analysis, including concerns with connections between anthropology and colonialism and with the construction of race, class, and gender identities. There have been many attempts to integrate structuralist or symbolic approaches with those focused on environmental, political, and economic dimensions. Human-animal relationships are now much more likely to be considered in dynamic terms, and consequently, there has been much interdisciplinary exchange between anthropologists and historians. Some research directly engages moral and political concerns about animals, but it is likely that sociocultural research on human-animal relationships will continue to be as much, if not more, about humans.

In the Nordic countries, the tending of cattle was regarded as women's work in agrarian culture. This was also the case in Finland, where the gendered division of labor on farms was fairly strict until the mid-20th century. The purpose of this article is to discuss the gendered representations of animal husbandry and cows in written narratives collected in a public writing competition. The writing competition about the cow was arranged in 2004 by the Finnish Literature Society and the Union of Rural Education and Culture, and an exceptionally high number of stories were sent to the competition. It will be argued in the article that gender, embodiment and emotions are often intertwined in the practices of animal husbandry. According to my interpretation, one reason for the division of labor was the bodily relationship with cows, which was allowed for women but not for men. In addition to the division of work, there are other aspects of cattle tending in which gender and embodiment emerge in the narratives. For example, the cows are also frequently gendered: one typical way for especially women to represent cows is to emphasize their gender and to articulate solidarity between females.

This paper contributes to the debate about the absence of nonhuman animals (The term 'nonhuman animal' is used to emphasise the interconnection with the human being, viewed as a human animal. Using this terminology does not avoid a homogenising, stereotyping and simplifying of a multiplicity of animal (and human) beings. Nonetheless, we think that such a 'simplification' of concepts is inescapable in academic discussions concerning humans and nonhuman animals.) in environmental and sustainable education (ESE) and the challenge of the anthropocentric characterisation of European education. Relating to the debate about a pluralistic approach in ESE as a 'one-species only pluralism', we draw on Val Plumwood's ecofeministic dialogical interspecies ethics and Rosi Braidotti's understanding of a posthuman/ nomadic subjectivity. By regarding 'difference' as a constituting force, we present a 'critical pluralistic' approach to human-animal relationships in ESE. Instead of drawing new lines of moral consideration for nonhuman beings, an ethical and political appreciation of what nonhuman others can do in ESE is suggested. Recommendations for educational practice are to recognise nonhuman agency to reveal political and ethical dimensions, recognise the agency of non-living animals and stay in conflicts and 'study up' and develop an immanent critique, which could lead to alternative pedagogical approaches to human-animal relationships in different cross-curricula settings.

Intro -- Preface -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Note on Orthography -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Synopsis of Book -- Outline of Chapters -- References -- Chapter 2: Being Other-than-Human: Ontological Mutability and Experience -- References -- Chapter 3: Monsters and Carnivory: Tolerance of Ontological Ambiguity -- Carnivory and Cannibalism: The Human Meat Eater's Dilemma (Especially Animists') -- References -- Chapter 4: Experiencing Transformation -- … Through the Imagination -- … Through the Body -- Mimesis and Metamorphosis -- Identity and Alterity -- References -- Chapter 5: The Enchantment and Disenchantment of the World of the San -- Place Legends and Myths -- Intersection of the World of Myth and Spirits with the Lived-in World -- The Impact of the World of Myth on the Real World (and on Being-in-the-World) -- The Disenchanted-and Re-enchanting-Present -- Conclusion: A "Sense of Place" -- References -- Chapter 6: (S)animism and Other Animisms -- "Foraging for Ideas": The Impact of Bantu-Speaking Neighbors on San Ontology -- Other Hunter-Gatherers: Eastern Arctic Inuit -- The Animal Turn in the West's Two Cultures -- Baron von Uexküll: "A Kind of Biologist-Shaman" -- References -- Chapter 7: Conclusion: Ontological Ambiguity and Anthropological Astonishment -- S(animism) and the "Re-animation" of Western Thought -- "The Anthropology of Ontology": A Surfeit of Wonder? -- San Studies and the "Ontological Turn" -- San Ontology and Perspectivism -- Ontological Identity and Alterity: Ground-and Grounding-of the Sense of Wonder -- References -- Correction to: Human-Animal Relationships in San and Hunter-Gatherer Cosmology, Volume II -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: A Lion Transformation -- Appendix 2: A Baboon Transformation -- References -- Index.

This article considers the complexity and diversity of ethical concepts and beliefs held by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter New Zealand), relating to animals. A combination of interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with individuals who identify as Māori and were working with wildlife, primarily in an eco-tourism and conservation context. Two main themes emerged from the data: ethical concepts relating to the environment, and concepts relating to the spiritual relationships between people, animals and the environment. These findings highlight that the connections between humans and animals through a Māori lens are nuanced in ways not typically accounted for in Western philosophy. This is of particular importance because of the extent to which standard Western thought is embodied in law and policy related to human treatment of animals and the environment. In New Zealand, relationships and partnerships are informed by Te Tiriti ō Waitangi, one of New Zealand's founding documents. Where these partnerships include activities and environments involving human–animal interaction, policy and legislation should account for Māori knowledge, and diverse of thought among different hapū (tribal groups). We conclude by exploring ways of including Māori ethical concepts around animals in general, and wild animals in particular, in law and policy, providing a case study relevant to other bicultural or multicultural societies.